Ramban - רמב''ן- Rabbi Moshe ben Nachman - רבי משה בן נחמן, also known as Nachmanides, is a leader of a Jewish community who characterizes a significant and dramatic era in the history of the people of Israel, such as the settlement throughout Spain and after being expelled from it. Ramban (1194-1270), was born in Girona, Catalonia (Northeastern Spain today), in the kingdom of Argon. This region was influenced by both the Spanish-Muslim culture and the Ashkenazi-French culture. Indeed, in Ramban's writings, Spanish philosophy stands out together with learning. which characterizes Ashkenazi Judaism. Ramban was interested in many fields - philosophy, Torah - תורה, Tanach - תנ''ך, Talmud Bavli and linguistics, and for his livelihood he was engaged in the medical profession.
Ramban served as the head of the yeshiva in Barcelona, and as the leader of the Jewish community. In 1232, following the controversy over Maimonides' writings, Ramban tried to settle the conflict between Maimonides' supporters on the one hand and his opponents on the other, by proposing a compromise whereby the boycott of Maimonides' writings would be lifted, But an age limit will be imposed on the pursuit of philosophy and sciences. At the time, Ramban's attempt at compromise did not bear fruit.
In 1263, by virtue of his position as the chief rabbi of Castilian Judaism, Ramban was required by King Jacob (the first) to represent Judaism in a public debate with Christianity. The debate took place in Barcelona, in the Royal Palace, in the presence of the king. The representative of the Christian Church was Pablo Christiani. A converted Jew, Pablo Christiani tried for four days to bring proofs from the Bible and the Talmud for the divinity of Jesus and the cancellation of the commandments of the Torah, but Ramban refuted all his claims. The debate ended with Ramban having the upper hand, and as a tribute to his victory the king gave Ramban 300 dinars. Ramban summarized the course of the debate in a book, apparently the "Book of Debate" that we have, and following the publication of the essay, the initiators of the debate demanded that Ramban be put on trial for the crime of insulting and slandering Christianity. This demand came about two years after the end of the debate (1265). With the mediation of the King of Argon, the trial was postponed, but two years later the initiators of the debate obtained a written demand from the Pope to punish Ramban for his words in the "Book of Debate". And so, in 1267, Ramban was forced to flee Spain and immigrate to Israel.
Ramban arrived in Jerusalem in the year (1267), and probably arrived in the Land of Israel through the port of Acre. There are scholars who attribute Ramban's ascension to the Land of Israel in the results of the public debate with the Christians and the pressure of Pope Clement IV, but Ramban in that case could have gone to any other country.
During his visit to the Jerusalem area he also went to Hebron and passed through Rachel's Tomb. After that, Ramban returned to Acre, where he delivered the "Rosh Hashanah Sermon" - דרשת ראש השנה around 1269, and it is possible that he established a yeshiva there, and from there it is not known where he went.
After Ramban returned to Acre in 1270, records of him no longer exist, it is estimated that he died in the Land of Israel probably in 1270. But according to tradition Ramban was buried on the outskirts of the old Jewish cemetery of Haifa.
Ramban authored many books in all areas of Judaism, the Bible, Talmud, Agada, Halacha, Shavat, morality, and Kabbalah, and may have authored a book of medicine.
Ramban - רמב''ן composed a comprehensive commentary on the entire Torah and it is published under the name "Ramban Commentary on the Torah" - פירוש רמב"ן על התורה, the commentary is characterized by its length compared to the sages of his time. For comparison, where the Rashbam, known for his lengthy style, writes half a line of commentary on a verse, the Ramban is able to extend up to two or three pages.
Ramban, composed books of revisions on a large number of tractates of the Babylonian Talmud, he did not write his composition in a certain order nor for each tractate separately, but dealt with the revisions of several tractates together, the writing of the composition began in his twenties, no later than 1223.